Pronoun

Examples in sentences:

1. I am Stephanie Del. (subject)
2. He loves you very much. (object)
3. My dictionary is very complete. (possessive adjective)
4. This book is mine. (possessive pronoun)

Read the following text carefully!

My name is Vanessha Del. I am a student of Islamic Senior High School 1 Bandar Lampung, aka MAN 1 Bandar Lampung. It is situated in Sukarame sub-district, Bandar Lampung. I live in Sukarame as well, not far from the school. It only takes me about 5 minutes to go on foot to get the school. I study from Monday till Saturday.

I live with my family. They are all five: my father, mother, and two beautiful sisters, Stephanie and Regia Del. We are happy family. We always try to make quality time by spending the time together no matter busy we are.

My father is an entrepreneur. He is a very kind-hearted and diligent man. I see him work hard everyday to support our family. He likes to read some business books in his spare time. Dad is a family man. For me, he is the best dad in the world.

My mother is a beautiful woman. Her hobby is cooking. She especially likes to cook chicken soup. It is very delicious. The most delicious ever on the earth. Mom is a school teacher. She teaches English and Mandarin Chinese at MAN 1 Bandar Lampung. Mom is also a diligent woman. She usually wakes up very early in the morning to prepare our breakfast then goes to work at 6.45 a.m and returns home at about 4 p.m. She looks very busy everyday.

My elder sister, Stephanie Del is also a student. She studies at MAN 1 Bandar Lampung as well. She is the 12th grader. Stephanie is very intelligent. I guess her hobby is studying because she is always accompanied by her books everyday. Stevy always gets the first rank every semester. She is an awesome girl.

The last but not least is my youngest sister, Regia Del. She is the most spoiled in our family. I guess it is because she is the youngest among us. However she is very diligent, cute and cheerful. Her hobby is cleaning the house. It makes our house always clean and comfort to live. She is now the 9th grader of Islamic Junior High School 2 Bandar Lampung.

No matter what, I love mom, dad and my sisters very much, and will always do. They are all my happiness ever after.

Parts of Speech

Parts of speech, also known as word classes, are the basic types of words of English. According to a term in traditional grammar parts of speech are the categories of words which are classified based on their functions in sentences. Some grammar sources categorize parts of speech into 9 or 10 parts of speech, but most grammar books say that there are 8 parts of speech; they are noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition and interjection. And this article will discuss the 8 parts of speech.

1. NOUN

A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing or abstract idea.
Examples: Jimmy, boy, cat, house, computer, expectation, qualification, etc.

2. PRONOUN

A pronoun substitutes for a noun or a noun phrase. The replaced noun is called the antecedent of the pronoun. It is usually used to avoid the repetition the noun or the noun phrase.

Examples: I, you, we, they, he, she, it, me us, them, him, her, etc.

3. VERB

A verb conveys an action or a condition (a state of being).
Examples: (to) be, do, have, work, run, study, etc.

4. ADJECTIVE

An adjective describes a noun or noun phrase; it tells something about the noun or noun phrase.

Examples: smart, diligent, intelligent, white, beautiful, old, heavy, small, etc.5. ADVERB
An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective or other adverb, but not a noun. There are many kinds of adverbs such as adverbs of manner, adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of frequency, adverb of certainty etc. therefore adverbs generally answer questions like how? when?, where? to what extent?, etc.
 Examples: quickly, next week, soon, here, in Toronto, usually, probably, etc.
6. CONJUNCTION
A conjunction or a joiner is a word that connects other words, phrases, clauses, and sentences together. There are three kind conjunctions, they are coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjunction and correlative conjunction.
Coordinating conjunction (coordinator) connects two or more items of equal in importance and in structure. Coordinating conjunction joins words to words, phrases to phrases and clauses to clauses. The examples of coordinating conjunction are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Subordinating conjunction (subordinator) is conjunction that connects unequal clauses (dependent clause with independent clause). The most common subordinating conjunctions among others are after, although, as if, as much as, as long as, as soon as, as though, because, before, but, even if, even though, if, in that, in order that, lest, since, so that, than, that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, and while.

And the last is correlative conjunction. It is conjunction that occurs in pairs. The examples are both-and, either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also and whether… or.

7. PREPOSITION

A Preposition is word that relates a noun or a pronoun to some other word or element in the rest of the sentence. Prepositions usually come before its object (a noun or a pronoun) and forms phrase which is known as prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase typically expresses a spatial, temporal, or other relationship. Some prepositions are compound; they are made up of more than one word.

Examples: in, on, at, with, without, within, inside, outside, before, after, above, under, about, for, from, to, apart from, along with, till, until, etc.

8. INTERJECTION

An interjection is a word that states feeling or emotion. It is typically followed by an exclamation mark.

Examples: Oh! Ah! Wow! Darn! Gosh! Golly! Gee! Ow! Ouch! Yikes! Holy moly! Yippee! Hooray! Boo! Whew! Oh no! Ha!

Adjective Clause

A. Definition

An adjective clause, also known as an adjectival or relative clause, is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective in a sentence. It modifies a noun or a noun phrase. It means that it describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun or a noun phrase. As a noun is a subject or an object, adjective clause then will always modify a subject or an object. And adjective clause comes after the word it modifies.

We can say that an adjective clause has three requirements:

• It has a subject and verb.
• It begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that) or a relative adverb (why, when, where).
• It functions as an adjective which answers the questions like What kind? How many? or Which one?.

B. Kind of Adjective Clause

There are two kinds of adjective clause; they are defining adjective clause and non-defining adjective clause.

1. Defining Adjective Clause

A defining adjective clause, also known as restrictive adjective clause, gives essential information about the noun it modifies. It is needed to complete the sentence’s thought. Therefore if a defining adjective clause is omitted from a sentence, the meaning of the main clause changes. A defining adjective clause is not separated from the main clause by commas. And most adjective clauses are defining.

Examples:

a. The food that you order is not ready yet.
b. The girl who wears a white skirt is the cheerleader.
c. The house of which color is yellow is our English teacher’s house.

The adjective clauses (the underlined) are all essential because they restrict which food/ girl/ house.

2. Non-defining Adjective Clause
A non-defining adjective clause, also known as non-restrictive adjective clause, simply gives extra information about the noun it modifies. It is not essential to identify that noun. We have known the noun it modifies. Then if the non-defining adjective clause is omitted from the sentence, the meaning of the main clause does not change. Or an opinion said that some non-defining adjective clauses are like gossip, they provide additional information about someone or something whose identity has been known already. A non-defining adjective clause is separated from the main clause by commas.
Examples:
a. Her ugly cloth, which is very old, will soon be used as a dust cloth.
b. Spinach, of which color is green, is a source of iron.
c. Dony, my classmate, who is very talkative, is a boring person.
The adjective clauses which is very old, of which color is green and who is very talkative, are nonrestrictive or nonessential. They don’t identify which cloth/ spinach/ classmate; they just provide a kind of editorial comment. We don’t need this information in order to understand the sentences.

C. How to Arrange An Adjective Clause?

Actually a sentence with an adjective clause in it is the result of combining two clauses that contain a repeated noun. Combine two independent clauses to make one sentence with an adjective clause by doing the following steps:

1. There are two clauses with repeated noun (noun or pronoun which refers to the same thing).

Example:

a. The handsome actor is waving toward his fans.
b. He is under strong guard.

The handsome actor and he refer to the same person.

2. Remove the repeated noun and replace it with a relative pronoun in the clause we want to make dependent. In this case the clause that we choose is clause (b). Then remove the pronoun “he” from sentence (b) and substitute it with the suitable relative pronoun. Choose “who” because “he” functions as subject in sentence (b) and “he” refers to human. For more information about relative pronoun and its usage, just see point C of this article. Then the result of the sentence (b) changing is “who is under strong guard”.

3. Put the adjective clause (who is under strong guard) directly after the noun phrase it modifies (the repeated noun). In this case the noun phrase that we want to modify is “the handsome actor” in sentence (a), so you must put “who is under strong guard” directly after “the handsome actor”. The result is then “The handsome actor who is under strong guard…” Remember that you still have the rest of sentence (a) “is waving toward his fans”. Put it after the adjective clause. The result is then a complete sentence with an adjective clause “The handsome actor who is under strong guard is waving toward his fans.”

D. Relative Pronoun

An adjective clause commonly begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, that, which, whose, of which) or a relative adverb (when, where).

Note: Sentences (a) and (b) in the following discussion are two sentences with repeated noun as explained in point B above. Then sentence (c) is the combination of the two sentences (a sentence with an adjective clause).

1. WHO

“Who” substitutes noun or pronoun for human in subject position.

Examples:
a. Andy is the best player.
b. He started to join this club two years ago.
c. Andy who started to join this club two years ago is the best player.

“Who” in sentence (c) replaces “he” which functions as the subject in sentence (b) and refers to Andy (human) in sentence (a).

2. WHOM

“Whom” substitutes noun or pronoun for human in object position (object of a verb or a preposition).

Examples:

a. The man is a famous novel writer.
b. I will meet him tomorrow.
c. The man whom I will meet tomorrow is a famous novel writer.

“Whom” in sentence (c) substitutes “him”, the object of sentence (b) which refers to “the man” (human) in sentence (a).

3. THAT

“That” substitutes noun or pronoun for human, animal and thing in subject or object position (object of a verb or a preposition).

Examples:

a. The chef is cooking some special food.
b. He works for a big hotel in this city.
c. The chef who works for a big hotel in this city is cooking some special food.

“Who” in sentence (c) substitutes “he” which functions as a subject in sentence (b) and refers to “the chef” (human) in sentence (a).

a. My sister is showing me a new cellphone.
b. It was bought yesterday.
c. My sister is showing me a new cellphone that was bought yesterday.

“That” in sentence (c) substitutes “it” which functions as the subject of sentence (b) and refers to “a new cellphone” (thing) in sentence (a).

a. My friend is wearing a yellow jacket.
b. I love her very much.
c. My friend that I love very much is wearing a yellow jacket.

“That” in sentence (c) substitutes “her” which functions as the object in sentence (b) and refers to “my friend” (human) in sentence (a).

a. The flower looks very beautiful in the afternoon.
b. Many people like it.
c. The flower that many people like looks very beautiful in the afternoon.

“That” in sentence (c) substitutes “it” which functions as the object in sentence (b) and refers to “the flower” (thing) in sentence (a).

4. WHICH

“Which” substitutes noun or pronoun for animal and thing in subject or object position (object of a verb or a preposition).

Examples:

a. I am happy to have the book.
b. It was written by my favorite writer.
c. I am happy to have the book which was written by my favorite writer.

“Which” in sentence (c) substitutes “it” which functions as the subject in sentence (b) and refers to “the book” (thing) in sentence (a).

a. The cat is running happily here and there.
b. I got it from my friend last month.
c. The cat which I got from my friend last month is running happily here and there.

“Which” in sentence (c) substitutes “it” which functions as the object in sentence (b) and refers to “the cat” (animal) in sentence (a).

5. WHOSE

“Whose” substitutes possessive form of a noun or a pronoun which can refer to human, animal or thing and can be part of a subject or an object of a verb or a preposition; yet it cannot be a complete subject or object.

Examples:

a. We admire the scientist.
b. His works are very useful for human’s life.
c. We admire the scientist whose works are very useful for human’s life.

“Whose” in sentence (c) substitutes “his” which functions as the possessive form in sentence (b) and refers to “the scientist” (human) in sentence (a). In sentence (b), “his” is the part of the subject.

a. I love a butterfly.
b. Its color is yellow.
c. I love a butterfly whose color is yellow.

“Whose” in sentence (c) substitutes “its” which functions as the possessive form in sentence (b) and refers to “a butterfly” (animal) in sentence (a). In sentence (b), “its” is the part of the subject.

a. The ice cream is pink.
b. My nephew loves its taste.
c. The ice cream whose my nephew loves its taste is pink.

“Whose” in sentence (c) substitutes “its” which functions as the possessive form in sentence (b) and refers to “the ice cream” (thing) in sentence (a). In sentence (b), “its” is the part of the object.

6. OF WHICH

“Of Which” substitutes possessive form of a noun or a pronoun which refers to animal or thing. It can be part of a subject or an object of a verb or a preposition, yet it cannot be a complete subject or object.

Examples:

a. The bird landed on the ground this morning.
b. Its wings are white.
c. The bird of which wings are white landed on the ground this morning.

“Of Which” in sentence (c) substitutes “its” which functions as the possessive form in sentence (b) and refers to “the bird” (animal) in sentence (a). In sentence (b), “its” is the part of the subject.

a. We are watching a kungfu film.
b. We like its story.
c. We are watching a kungfu film of which story we like.

“Of Which” in sentence (c) substitutes “its” which functions as the possessive form in sentence (b) and refers to “a kungfu film” (thing) in sentence (a). In sentence (b), “its” is the part of the object.

7. WHEN

“When” substitutes a time expression.

Examples:

a. I remember the day.
b. You asked me to marry you on that day.
c. I remember the day when you asked me to marry you.

“When” in sentence (c) substitutes “on that day” which functions as the adverb of time in sentence (b) and refers to “the day” (time) in sentence (a).

a. She will not keep in her mind the year.
b. She lived in that old house alone that year.
c. She will not keep in her mind the year when she lived in that old house alone.

“When” ” in sentence (c) substitutes “that year” which functions as the adverb of time in sentence (b) and refers to “the year” (time) in sentence (a).

8. WHERE

“Where” substitutes a place. Prepositions at, in, to are usually added.

Examples:

a. The school is very beautiful.
b. We study at that school.
c. The school where we study is very beautiful.

“Where” ” in sentence (c) substitutes “at that school” which functions as the adverb of place in sentence (b) and refers to “the school” (place) in sentence (a).

E. Preposition in Adjective Clause

Occasionally a preposition is used with the verb in an adjective clause. Then you have two choices to deal with this case.

In spoken English, the preposition is usually put in the end of the clause. Yet in formal written English, the preposition is typically moved to the beginning of the clause.

Examples:

a. Informal: She is the secretary whom I gave the document to.
Formal: She is the secretary to whom I gave the document.

b. Informal: Those are the books which he took some information about the ancient life from.
Formal: Those are the books from which he took some information about the ancient life.

c. Informal: Jean, whose table I put my bag on, is my best friend.
Formal: Jean, on whose table I put my bag, is my best friend.

Note: You cannot use “that” with a preposition in this case; use only “whom, which, and whose”.

For the Reduced Adjective Clause you can click here!

Reduced Adjective Clause

If you want to study about Adjective Clause first, just click here!

Reduced adjective clause is the reduction of a full adjective clause. You can reduce an adjective clause when the relative pronoun is the subject of the adjective clause. The result of the reduction is then a phrase. You can do it in two different ways depending on the verb in the adjective clause.

1. If the relative pronoun meets “be” as the verb then you can reduce the relative pronoun together with the “be”.Examples:
a. The full adjective clause: People who are not able to swim mus not  jump into the sea.
The reduced form: People not able to swim mus not jump into the sea.
b. The full adjective clause: Finally he got something which was wanted for along time.
The reduced form: Finally he got something wanted for along time.
c. The full adjective clause: The song which was sung by the handsome young singer is very popular in this country.
The reduced form: The song sung by the handsome young singer is very popular in this country.
2. If the relative pronoun meets other verb (not “be”) then you change the verb into –ing form.

Examples:

a. The full adjective clause: The students who study hard will pass the test easily.
The reduced form: The students studying hard will pass the test easily.

b. The full adjective clause: The cat which runs very fast is mine.
The reduced form: The cat running very fast is mine.

c. The full adjective clause: The pianist who performed amazingly in the concert last night is my friend.
The reduced form: The pianist performing amazingly in the concert last night is my friend.

Relative Pronoun

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that marks a relative clause within a larger sentence. It is called a relative pronoun because it relates the relative (and hence subordinate) clause to the noun that it modifies. A relative pronoun links two clauses into a single complex clause. In English, the relative pronouns are: who, whom, whose, whoever, whosoever, whomever, which, what, whatever, and that. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_pronoun).

A relative pronoun introduces a relative clause which is a type of dependent clause. It refers to a noun mentioned before.

Note:

• If you want to learn the application of relative pronoun in adjective clause, just come to this link.
• In the examples below, the parts which are highlighted in yellow are the adjective clause

1. WHO

Who substitutes noun or pronoun for human in subject position.
Examples:

• Maria who moved to this school six months ago is the smartest student in this class.
• Regia who is a writer has published her first book.

Who in the sentences above refers to Maria and Regia (human) which function as subject.

2. WHOM

Whom substitutes noun or pronoun for human in object position (object of a verb or a preposition).
Examples:
The new manager whom we will have dinner with tonight is very friendly.
He is now waiting for the girl whom he met in the station yesterday.
Whom in the sentences above substitutes the object of preposition with (sentence 1) and verb met (sentence 2) and refers to The new manager (sentence 1) and the girl (sentence 2).

3. THAT

That substitutes noun or pronoun for human, animal and thing in subject or object position (object of a verb or a preposition).
Examples:

• The TV presenter that is conducting my favorite program now looks very charming.
• Dad is eating some seafood that was cooked by my beautiful mom.
• Regia that many people love very much is a kind-hearted girl.
• Sunflower that Regia loves looks very beautiful at noon.

That in the sentences above substitutes the subject (sentence 1 and 2) and object (sentence 3 and 4) and refers to the TV presenter (sentence 1), seafood (sentence 2), Regia (sentence 3) and sunflower (sentence 4).

4. WHICH

Which substitutes noun or pronoun for animal and thing in subject or object position (object of a verb or a preposition).
Examples:

• Regia is happy to hear the news which is about her brother’s coming next month.
• The dog which the man found on the way home yesterday is eating greedily.

Which in the sentences above substitutes the subject (sentence 1) and object (sentence 2) and refers to the news (sentence 1) and the dog (sentence 2).

5. WHOSE

Whose substitutes possessive form of a noun or a pronoun which can refer to human, animal or thing and can be part of a subject or an object of a verb or a preposition; yet it cannot be a complete subject or object.
Examples:

•  They are looking for a missing little boy whose hair is blonde.
• Regia is cooking some vegetables whose colors are green.
• The cat whose appearance I don’t like is fierce.

Whose in the sentences above substitutes his (sentence 1, it’s a part of the subject), their (sentence 2, it’s a part the subject) and its (sentence 3, it’s a part of the object) which functions as the possessive form and refers to a missing little boy (sentence 1), some vegetables (sentence 2) and the cat (sentence 3).

6. WHOMEVER

Use whomever when a sentence requires an object pronoun (object of a verb or preposition).
Examples:

• The staff whomever the boss asks must represent the company in that exhibition.
• The participants whomever the show host requests should come quickly to the arena.

In the sentences above, whomever relates back to noun the staff and the participants and are the objects of the dependent clause and the verbs must represent and requests.

7. WHOEVER

As a relative pronoun whoever starts a relative clause. You can use whoever when a sentence needs a subject pronoun.
Examples:

1. Any student whoever didn’t join the competition had to be the audience.
2. Everybody here whoever loves him will be sad to see him go.

In the sentences above, whoever relates back to noun any student and everybody which are the subjects of the dependent clause and the verbs didn’t join and loves.

8. WHOSOEVER

Actually whosoever is the formal term or the old use for whoever. Then about its application you can refer to whoever (see point 7 above)

9. WHAT and WHATEVER

As a relative pronoun what and whatever start a relative clause which function as a subject or an object.
Examples:

1. You can ask him whatever you want.
2. They told me what they saw last night.

In relation to the use of relative pronoun in adjective clause, if you want to see some more pronouns such as of which, when, and where, you can go to this link and see point D.

Kind of Adjectives

To see the definition of adjective and its forms, just click here!

There are many kinds of adjectives, among others are:

1. Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives, also known as possessive determiners, are a part of speech that modifies a noun by attributing possession (or other sense of belonging) to someone or something, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_adjective).

Possessive adjectives modify nouns by telling whom they belong to. They answer the question Whose. Actually possessive adjectives are like possessive pronoun, yet possessive adjectives are used as adjectives that modify nouns or noun phrases. Possessive pronouns are not used to modify nouns or noun phrases.

Possessive adjectives come before the real adjectives as in my beautiful read skirt, not beautiful red my skirt.The possessive adjectives among others are my, your, his, her, its, our and their. Another form of possessive adjective is by adding the suffix -’s as in Regia’s book or in anybody’s opinion. Be careful not to be mistaken with its and it’s; its is the possessive adjective whereas it’s is the short form of it is. You see that all of Possessive adjectives show definiteness (clearly true or real; unambiguous), like the definite article the.
To build more comprehensive understanding, please pay attention to the following use of possessive adjectives in sentences.
1. I did my English test smoothly because I had prepared it well.

In the sentence above, the possessive adjective my modifies English test and the noun phrase my English test serves as the object of the verb did.

2. I will return your novel tomorrow.

In the sentence above, the possessive adjective your modifies novel and the noun phrase your novel serves as the object of the verb return.

3. His car is in the garage for repair.

In the sentence above, the possessive adjective his modifies car and the noun phrase his car serves as the subject of the sentence.

4. We like her good job.

In the sentence above, the possessive adjective her modifies good job and the noun phrase her good job serves as the object of the verb like.

5. Its color is nice to see.

In the sentence above, the possessive adjective its modifies color and the noun phrase Its color serves as the subject of the sentence.

6. You must come to our wedding party next Sunday.

In the sentence above, the possessive adjective our modifies wedding party and the noun phrase our wedding party serves as the object of preposition to.

7. We trust their honest confession.

In the sentence above, the possessive adjective their modifies honest confession and the noun phrase their honest confession serves as the object of the verb trust.

8. They love Regia’s beautiful sites.

In the sentence above, the suffix -’s in Regia functions as possessive adjective which modifies beautiful sites and the noun phrase Regia’s beautiful sites serves as the object of the verb love.

9. X: Whose purse is this?
Y: It is Regia’s purse.

Or you can say It is regia’s (possessive pronoun); but remember possessive pronoun is not used to modify noun or noun phrase.

Note:
Like other adjectives, possessive adjectives may be modified with an adverb, though this is uncommon. The adverbs more, less, or as much … as (comparative) or mostly (superlative) sometimes appear, for example in This is more my team than your team, This is less my team than your team, This is as much my team as your team, and This is mostly my team. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_adjective)

2. Demonstrative Adjectives

3. Interrogative Adjectives

4. Indefinite Adjectives

5.The Articles

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjective demonstrates or indicates noun. It shows whether a noun a speaker refers to is singular or plural and if it is near or far from the speaker. The four demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these and those. This indicates that the noun the speaker refers to is near and that is far. Demonstrative adjective is put before the noun it modifies or comes before all other adjectives in a noun phrase.

You may use demonstrative adjective in the following ways:

1. Use this/that with singular noun

Examples:

a. This novel is the best among all I’ve ever read.
b. I found that black cat in my garden a month ago.

This in sentence a modifies novel (the position is near from the speaker), and the noun phrase this novel serves as the subject of the sentence.
That in sentence b modifies black cat (the position is far from the speaker), and the noun phrase that black cat serves as the object of the verb found.

2. Use these/those with plural noun.

Examples:
a. She doesn’t like these old books.
b. Those ideas sound strange for me.
These in sentence “a” modifies old books (plural noun) and the noun phrase these old books serves as the object of the verb like.
Those in sentence “b” modifies ideas (plural noun) and the noun phrase those ideas serves as the subject of the sentence.

3. You can also use demonstrative adjective as demonstrative pronoun.

Examples:
These cards have been named and arranged alphabetically (demonstrative adjective).
You only need to delete the noun cards to make these functions as a demonstrative pronoun. The sentence then becomes;
These have been named and arranged alphabetically (demonstrative adjective).

Note:

The relationship between demonstrative adjective and demonstrative pronoun is like possessive adjective and possessive pronoun or interrogative adjective and interrogative pronoun.

To see the complete information on adjective form, just click here or the kind of adjective is here!

Interrogative Adjectives

Interrogative adjectives modify a noun or a noun phrase to show a question about the noun/noun phrase. The interrogative adjectives among others are what, which, and whose. They actually don’t stand on their own but stick to the words they modify. Pay attention to the following examples:

1. Which color do you prefer?
2. What subject do you like best?
3. Whose bag is on the table?

You see in the sentences above that which, what and whose don’t stand alone, they directly followed by the noun they modify. In sentence 1 which modify color; in sentence 2 what modifies subject and in sentence 3 whose modify bag.

To see the complete explanation on adjectives, just click here!